基于供应链管理的供应商选择问题初探

在现阶段的发展过程中,现代化发展已经成为企业未来发展的基本方向。作为企业实现现代化发展的关键环节,供应链的管理工作在整个企业运行过程中起到了举足轻重的作用。伴随着供应链管理的发展,供应商的选择问题越来越多,选择要点和选择内容不断丰富,并逐渐发展成为企业采购过程中所有采购员共同面对的问题。根据企业的发展现状和运营情况,选择更合适更合理的采购方案和供货商,并遵循行业准则来制定企业采购规则。     

中国农业竞争力提升视域下的小农户发展

目前我国农业发展面临一个急需破解的重大悖论：如何在发展小农户的基础上提升中国农业竞争力。论文提出中国特色农业竞争力具有三重内涵：以生产竞争力为基本要求，以安全竞争力为战略底线，以市场竞争力为主攻方向。小农户发展对于提升中国农业竞争力有重要作用，这体现于小农户发展有助于提升农业生产竞争力、安全竞争力和市场竞争力并推动提升机制之间联动。因此，提升中国农业竞争力必须促进小农户发展，并且小农户发展有提升农业竞争力的可能性，但当前小农户发展受到内外条件的约束。据此，本文提出以下政策建议：完善政府支持、发挥小农户主体作用、发展和推广农业科技和物质装备以及将小农户融入产业链。     

跨国企业的转让定价策略--基于价值链的案例研究

在全球价值链分工日益成熟的背景下,跨国企业的关联交易安排日益复杂,如何制定转让定价规则以保证整体税负和风险水平同时较低成为跨国企业面临的新问题。通过W集团在关联交易中转让定价策略的案例,运用价值链分析和功能风险分析,从企业价值创造和税收产生的源头着眼,沿着价值链的推进分析了VIE模式的跨国企业在转让定价中的税负与风险问题。基于价值链分析构建出跨国企业的转让定价分析模型,可为跨国企业制定转让定价策略提供新思路,也有助于丰富价值链分析的应用领域。     

An integrated replenishment-recruitment policy in a sustainable retailing system for deteriorating products

Currently, retail facilities play a significant role both economically and socially for their contributions to job creation and to reducing unemployment. In this paper, economic, environmental, and social issues, including unemployment, job creation for the local workforce within their hometown, the immigration of an unemployed workforce, and the naturalization of non-natives are addressed for a retailer. We explore the class of deteriorating products from the viewpoint of its economic and environmental features. Then, a linear multi-objective mathematical model is developed to determine an integrated replenishment and recruitment policy for the retailer in the direction of sustainability. Using data from the flower industry, a numerical analysis is presented. The results indicate that if necessary facilities and infrastructures are provided to permanently settle qualified immigrants, both social and economic indicators will be improved. We also determine that by concentrating on strategies such as job creation for natives through retail facilities with no increase in production capacity and by applying careful policies for immigration and naturalization, social welfare can be improved.     

The impact of RFID adoption on donor subsidy through for-profit and not-for-profit newsvendor: Implications for Indian Public Distribution system

Subsidy programs are sponsored by government and international agencies to improve affordability and accessibility of food and health products for socially deprived community. Although the donors in such programs allocate substantial resources to fund subsidies, a lot of it is wasted due to the inefficiency in the system arising out of product shrinkage and misplacement. This study analyzes the impact of private participation and advanced technology like RFID adoption on the donor subsidy under target consumption level. We formulate the problem as a donor funding the subsidy program through for-profit/not-for-profit newsvendor and compare the equivalent subsidy per consumption with and without RFID. We perform numerical analysis, collecting data from the public distribution system of India, and the results indicate that, unless the for-profit firm operates under a substantially reduced level of shrinkage and misplacement, the donor should always prefer a not-for-profit firm for program implementation. We also observe that among all the scenarios, a not-for-profit firm with advanced technology like RFID requires minimum donor subsidy to generate the target expected consumption.     

Policies for managing peak stock of food grains for effective distribution: A case of the Indian food program

The Indian food program has encountered a significant shortfall in storage due to slow expansion of storage facilities in comparison with procurement. The open storage of food grains results in substantial loss and deterioration of quality. While increasing storage capacity is a viable but costly and time consuming option, the adoption of policies for peak storage reduction would go a long way towards effective food grains management. On this background, this study proposes policy adoption for peak storage reduction for effective inventory management. A dynamic simulation model was built by replicating the complex flow process and incorporating the process variability for finding the bottleneck and significant factors. It was found that steep wheat procurement is the critical bottleneck factor for peak storage requirements. Two practical and straightforward, yet effective policies are proposed from the few existing strategies for peak storage reduction owing to the constraints associated with the food program. With the actual data of the food program, reduction in peak stock was estimated for the recommended policies, including the operational cost saving in storage. The practical implications of these policies within the system were also discussed. Through peak reduction, the use of open storage can be significantly reduced, and this leads to better food grains management for effective food distribution.     

乡村振兴战略下要素国际流动的环境效果

乡村振兴战略和环境保护是当前经济工作中的重点。伴随经济全球化和“一带一路”战略的不断深入,生产要素国际流动日趋频繁。乡村振兴是国家重要发展战略,其重要抓手是实现农业现代化。因此,在小农户与现代农业共存的经济背景下,分析要素国际流动的环境效果,并根据现代农业发展的不同特征,对乡村振兴战略实施初始阶段和全面实施阶段分别进行分析后发现:在战略实施初始阶段,劳动流入加剧污染,反之改善环境;在战略全面实施阶段,资本流入改善环境,反之恶化环境。     

基于双层规划模型的冷链物流网络多目标优化

针对冷链物流时效性强这一特性,应用软时间窗反映客户满意度,并结合T.T.T理论换算货损成本。在考虑满足客户时间窗的条件下,寻找配送中心建设及操作成本、车辆成本、惩罚成本及货损成本所构成的总成本最小时的最优配送方案,建立冷链物流配送选址及路径优化的双层规划模型,并将改进的遗传算法运用到该模型中,借助Matlab软件对具体实例进行求解,得到最优结果,为冷链物流网络多目标优化问题提供理论依据。     

供应链视角下餐饮O2O模式的配送路径优化

O2O最后一公里配送往往需要综合考虑时间和成本的关系,研究平台对订单的分配和路径优化对提升O2O供应链的整体效率和产业链升级具有十分重要的意义。从餐饮商家和O2O平台两个主要参与者出发对物流配送系统进行研究,提出了适合于O2O餐饮供应链的配送网络,并考虑道路阻塞、最大里程数等约束,搭建了上层模型最短时间、下层模型最低成本的双层规划模型,进而通过NSGA-Ⅱ算法求得可行解,最后验证了算法的可行性,为进一步研究O2O配送提供了新的解决思路。     

The role of intermediaries in establishing a sustainable supply chain

In sustainable supply chain management, buyers may use intermediaries to bridge exchanges with suppliers when knowledge of suitable sustainability practices is weak and in need of facilitation. Understanding how supply chain intermediaries perform this role and what happens when intermediation is no longer needed is important in establishing more sustainable supply chains. Two supply chain intermediaries have been investigated with the resulting case study evidence analysed using the Gioia methodology. The findings suggest supply chain intermediaries add value to the buyer-supplier exchange by facilitating sustainability-related information transfer, knowledge development, risk management and improved capabilities. For example, specific practices such as corrective action reports, often managed by the intermediary, underpin the development of a sustainable supply chain. When the intermediary is no longer needed, they become disintermediated from the specific buyer-supplier exchange but may be re-employed in a new triadic relationship in the future with previous parties. This provides positive spill-over effects through intermediation–disintermediation–post-intermediation cycles for both the buyer and supplier populations and for broader society. Overall, the findings highlight the value of the transient position of supply chain intermediaries in establishing sustainable supply chains and the intended consequences of their involvement.